Understanding Personality Disorders Essay - 2164 Words

Description The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders, also known as the Cluster B disorders. The Cluster B disorders are also composed of borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. The†¦show more content†¦From information contained in the patient’s social services, medical, and legal records, the clinician is able to piece together Mr. Y’s history. Mr. Y’s mother was a prostitute and a drug addict, and he never knew his father. He had a history of very serious conduct problems from a young age. He began getting into fights with other children almost from the day he began school and was caught torturing animals on a number of occasions when he was in elementary school. When he was 9 years old, Mr. Y threw his baby brother out of the window of their first floor apartment, causing multiple fractures. During his childhood, Mr. Y spent several years in a group home and stayed many in many foster homes, but these placements were never successful. He would occasionally stay with his maternal grandmother, who was taking care of up to eight other grandchildren at the same time. Mr. Y began using drugs at age 10. In early adolescence, Mr. Y joined a gang where he became involved in selling drugs and running numbers. He fathered his first child at the age of 13. Before he was 17, he was arrested on a variety of charges tha t included theft, possession of illegal drugs, and assault, but, because of his age, he received a series of suspended sentences. He was constantly truant from school and dropped out permanently at age 15. 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Aspects of Meaning Free Essays

Jubayr zakariyya Aspects of meaning assignment 1 The experiment that has been conducted, and written about in the paper ‘The representation of polysemous words’, by Devorah Klein and Gregory Murphy, endeavours to uncover the degrees to which different senses of polysemous words use the same or diverse kind of representations. Whilst homonyms from a linguistic perspective, are groups of words that share the same orthographical and phonological characteristics, yet do not share the same semantic meaning. There are a number of theoretical perspectives pertaining to the root cause of how two separate word meanings are able to converge on the same phonological representation, or how a single word is able to separate into diverse and separate semantic meanings. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of Meaning or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the term ‘polysemy’ refers to something that is intrinsically more complex, and as Klein and Murphy have noted in their paper, more problematical in terms of defining its root source and in which ways are the senses related and represented. What Klein and Murphy mean by this, and have studied in this paper, is the process in which words semantically relate to one another, through a process of extension. Yet unlike homonyms, polysemous words do not have lexically separate meanings, which leads to the questions of whether polysemous words have a single represented sense that can be accounted for every use of a word, how can they be linked in memory, and how are they co-ordinated in processing. Klein and Murphy aim to ‘provide data that will constrain accounts of the representation and processing of polysemy'(Klein and Murphy (2001)). The first experiment that was conducted entailed the use of memory performance in order to measure the representation of polysemous senses. it was particularly looking at whether people were more familiar with a same sense or a different sense than the original presentation given. the results showed that same phrase items were the most precisely evaluated, which was followed by the consistent sense phrases. The inconsistent sense phrases were the most error prone. Klein and Murphy also suggest that words being seen in identical context was the most helpful in getting a correct evaluation. The results here point out that the way in which a polysemous word is processed initially affects later memory access. After conducting a number of detailed experiments, Klein and Murphy conclude that polysemous senses are semantically related, yet they are not extremely similar, which consequently results in ‘same-sense facilitation’ and ‘cross sense inhibition’ (Klein and Murphy (2001)). If a polysemous word does not contain a core meaning, it is no longer a substantial semantic component thatis common to all senses in a given word. word count: 429 How to cite Aspects of Meaning, Papers

Reflective journal counselling free essay sample

In this reflective journal I’m willing to write my observation summarized from the lecture, class room, and the text book in last three weeks to identify briefly what is counselling, counselling skill and practices that we did in tutorial. What I understood about counselling is a service to help people with certain problem by making mutual relationship, addressing their issues in supportive environment so that a better understanding can be achieved. While it is necessary for counsellors observe the client and find out what is the main problem and pain they having, what is the key issue making them unhappy or stressed. It is not a theory that I can express only in few sentences. It includes wide range of study, practice and experience how to become a successful counsellor. People in their life happen to be a counsellor either professional or non-professional way, when it comes to a relationship, for example, between mother and child, student and teacher, nurse and patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective journal counselling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially in my life experience woman tend to release their stress by talking with their friends with or without asking advice. I would like to outline how I used one of counselling skill open question at role play by listening to my partner efficiently. She started with one sentence that â€Å"I had horrible day at work† which tingled my curiosity to know more. After a several question, found out that she was not happy with her boss because he said that she is not good enough with reading the face of an upset client. She is a therapy masseur. During our conversation I felt little nervous because I was unsure if it is too many questions for her, whether the question is too personal or inappropriate, what is the limit of it, is my posture proper, do I making myself clear? But compare to first tutorial class which we did active listening practice, this time I felt much comfortable having conversation with her. It was not our first role play with her, so that made me bit relaxed. When we skipped our role I noticed myself talked too much without leaving her some questions to ask. I felt not good about it, on the other hand it might be helpful for the counsellor to determine the situations. Believe it or not, first, role play as a counsellor and patient sounded really easy, but I realized that is a challenging and lot more to learn and practice.