Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Understanding Personality Disorders Essay - 2164 Words
Description The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders, also known as the Cluster B disorders. The Cluster B disorders are also composed of borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. The†¦show more content†¦From information contained in the patient’s social services, medical, and legal records, the clinician is able to piece together Mr. Y’s history. Mr. Y’s mother was a prostitute and a drug addict, and he never knew his father. He had a history of very serious conduct problems from a young age. He began getting into fights with other children almost from the day he began school and was caught torturing animals on a number of occasions when he was in elementary school. When he was 9 years old, Mr. Y threw his baby brother out of the window of their first floor apartment, causing multiple fractures. During his childhood, Mr. Y spent several years in a group home and stayed many in many foster homes, but these placements were never successful. He would occasionally stay with his maternal grandmother, who was taking care of up to eight other grandchildren at the same time. Mr. Y began using drugs at age 10. In early adolescence, Mr. Y joined a gang where he became involved in selling drugs and running numbers. He fathered his first child at the age of 13. Before he was 17, he was arrested on a variety of charges tha t included theft, possession of illegal drugs, and assault, but, because of his age, he received a series of suspended sentences. He was constantly truant from school and dropped out permanently at age 15. At the time, he began living on the street with other friends from his gang whoShow MoreRelatedNarcissistic Personality Disorder : Understanding Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, And Treatment1178 Words  | 5 PagesRunning head: UNDERSTANDING NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER ETIOLOGY Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder Griffin Hedger College Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms of Narcissistic Personality Disorder To those who have a narcissistic personality disorder, they may come across as arrogant,Read MoreBorderline Personality Disorder - Understanding It, History, Treatment, Closing - Includes Outline and Bibliography2680 Words  | 11 PagesOUTLINE I.Understanding Borderline Personality A.Common Stereotypes B.Characteristics Symptoms 1.Fear of Abandonment 2.Impulsivity Self-Damaging Behavior 3.Difficulty Controlling Anger 4.Brief Psychotic Episodes C.Prevalence in Society 1.Celebrity Film Example II.History of Classification A.Personality Organization B.Atypical Form of Other Personality Disorders C.Independent Disorder III.Causal Contributory Factors A.Psychoanalytic 1.Object-Relations Theory 2.DevelopmentalRead MoreThe Trusty Model Of Dependent Personality Disorder1266 Words  | 6 Pagesapproaches in an effort to comprehend personality. 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Monday, December 16, 2019
Aspects of Meaning Free Essays
Jubayr zakariyya Aspects of meaning assignment 1 The experiment that has been conducted, and written about in the paper ‘The representation of polysemous words’, by Devorah Klein and Gregory Murphy, endeavours to uncover the degrees to which different senses of polysemous words use the same or diverse kind of representations. Whilst homonyms from a linguistic perspective, are groups of words that share the same orthographical and phonological characteristics, yet do not share the same semantic meaning. There are a number of theoretical perspectives pertaining to the root cause of how two separate word meanings are able to converge on the same phonological representation, or how a single word is able to separate into diverse and separate semantic meanings. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of Meaning or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the term ‘polysemy’ refers to something that is intrinsically more complex, and as Klein and Murphy have noted in their paper, more problematical in terms of defining its root source and in which ways are the senses related and represented. What Klein and Murphy mean by this, and have studied in this paper, is the process in which words semantically relate to one another, through a process of extension. Yet unlike homonyms, polysemous words do not have lexically separate meanings, which leads to the questions of whether polysemous words have a single represented sense that can be accounted for every use of a word, how can they be linked in memory, and how are they co-ordinated in processing. Klein and Murphy aim to ‘provide data that will constrain accounts of the representation and processing of polysemy'(Klein and Murphy (2001)). The first experiment that was conducted entailed the use of memory performance in order to measure the representation of polysemous senses. it was particularly looking at whether people were more familiar with a same sense or a different sense than the original presentation given. the results showed that same phrase items were the most precisely evaluated, which was followed by the consistent sense phrases. The inconsistent sense phrases were the most error prone. Klein and Murphy also suggest that words being seen in identical context was the most helpful in getting a correct evaluation. The results here point out that the way in which a polysemous word is processed initially affects later memory access. After conducting a number of detailed experiments, Klein and Murphy conclude that polysemous senses are semantically related, yet they are not extremely similar, which consequently results in ‘same-sense facilitation’ and ‘cross sense inhibition’ (Klein and Murphy (2001)). If a polysemous word does not contain a core meaning, it is no longer a substantial semantic component thatis common to all senses in a given word. word count: 429 How to cite Aspects of Meaning, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Reflective journal counselling free essay sample
In this reflective journal I’m willing to write my observation summarized from the lecture, class room, and the text book in last three weeks to identify briefly what is counselling, counselling skill and practices that we did in tutorial. What I understood about counselling is a service to help people with certain problem by making mutual relationship, addressing their issues in supportive environment so that a better understanding can be achieved. While it is necessary for counsellors observe the client and find out what is the main problem and pain they having, what is the key issue making them unhappy or stressed. It is not a theory that I can express only in few sentences. It includes wide range of study, practice and experience how to become a successful counsellor. People in their life happen to be a counsellor either professional or non-professional way, when it comes to a relationship, for example, between mother and child, student and teacher, nurse and patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective journal counselling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially in my life experience woman tend to release their stress by talking with their friends with or without asking advice. I would like to outline how I used one of counselling skill open question at role play by listening to my partner efficiently. She started with one sentence that â€Å"I had horrible day at work†which tingled my curiosity to know more. After a several question, found out that she was not happy with her boss because he said that she is not good enough with reading the face of an upset client. She is a therapy masseur. During our conversation I felt little nervous because I was unsure if it is too many questions for her, whether the question is too personal or inappropriate, what is the limit of it, is my posture proper, do I making myself clear? But compare to first tutorial class which we did active listening practice, this time I felt much comfortable having conversation with her. It was not our first role play with her, so that made me bit relaxed. When we skipped our role I noticed myself talked too much without leaving her some questions to ask. I felt not good about it, on the other hand it might be helpful for the counsellor to determine the situations. Believe it or not, first, role play as a counsellor and patient sounded really easy, but I realized that is a challenging and lot more to learn and practice.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Proforma statement introduction Essay Example
Proforma statement introduction Essay The Southern Airlines performance index is descriptive of the well being of the company. The company since fiscal year 2003-204 has undergone tremendous growth. The growth and operating profitability rate up to fiscal year 2006-2007 is at 10.28% which is indicative of increased productivity and growth of assets. The company’s asset capacity gain on the fiscal year 2006-2007 is 3.7% up from the 2.7% in the fiscal 2003-2004. This means a growth rate of 1% on assets value returns.Southern Air Lines 2006-2007Income statement1st quarter of fiscal year 2006-2007Net sales                         $790,000,000Cost of sales                   $9086mTaxable income              $9086Tax                                  $291,000,000Net income                      $499,000,000Economic implications and market overviewDue to radical market changes and regulatory aspects the company had to undergo radical surgery in terms of restructuring operations and services provision policies. Due to pressure in the airline sector which was convectional and greatly weighing on the market Southern Airlines initially had some setbacks and lost its asset value marginally between 2005 and 2006. However there were gains in sales and the market share seemed to grow rapidly in favor of the company. According to the company reports 2001 was a disappointment. There were numerous losses and loss of asset value. There was a decline on customer influx and the profits dwindled drastically. 911 was another major setback and the issue of regulation and market share made considerable effects on the company’s performance. However, over the years, the co mpany has increased pace in development of services, fiscal capability and its market share policies. This has resulted to gains which have projected the versatility of the company as a lucrative investment and a very competent airline. US stocks market performance, the Iraqi issue and the oil prices have considerably affected the company both positively and negatively. The company has seen its value decline over these factors but through the same up its strategic corporate development policies and strategies to foster financial and investment growth. The same has applied double standards on gain on asset value and produced a very lucrative faà §ade that has helped the recapture of investor and customer confidence on the airline. Profitability and management has become elemental in creation of competent services and there has been increase in assets as well. The well being of the company looks very promising and this is enough evidence of the value of the company and its diversifie d investment outlook. This is a company which both the community and the investors can bank on.Working Capital StrategiesImplementation of capital saving measures is essential to avert financial storms. The commonplace technocrat’s action of putting too much effort on a loss making strategy or venture, the overall out come is putting of extra funds to manage and try to force performance in this non-performing venture. Rather than making any gains then the venture eats into the capital resulting to losses, instead of such an expensive corporate mistake, the venture’s expenses should be cut and the funds being channeled on the venture should be cut off.Capital should be induced into performing projects. It should be incorporated minimally so as to have savings. This sounds hackneyed but it’s more strategic in poising the company to counter fiscal lackluster in future. The capital should only purchase viable assets and finance viable business moves. There should be no money pets in the capital division. Choices of expenditure on important measures and plans, there should be investment projections which will bring dividends rather than expense which will decrease gain potential in set fiscal periods. Capital management should be expeditiously structured. Each segment of proposed strategy has its implication on the economy of the company. This means it is not possible to ignore projects which are deemed productive but to allocate fiscal capital strategically.This means having a set time frame of ejecting more fiscal on the project and when to pull out from financing the same. Company policy on banking on projects already making money for the company should be implemented to cut cost on use of company capital so as to have reserves. Generally, there will be increase in savings and less budget allocations on financing company ventures. Capital ejection should be streamlined to minimal percentages’ on performing projects and the gains from the latter should be evaluated to level with the expense so as to reduce capital ejection. Looking at the debt based structure; the company is fit to perform on cash basis rather than borrowing to project its focused programs’Capital Structure StrategiesA budget on company expense and venture financing is the basis of streamlined expense and capital flow regulation. The company budget should project even the least expected eventualities, impeding fiscal storms. Regulation of eventualities becomes elemental in keeping the structured capital projections at the exact level.Gauging capital performance and gain deferred will also regulate expense against gain. The percentage capital use should have convectional effect on gain on the same considerable rates. The budget should adhere to market demographics, assessment, research and marketability issues and assist only in pulling the company Achilles feet up the ladder. This attributes to a larger part of the company liabilities whic h form the Achilles feet. Besides proper expenditure, a capital expense time frame will have implications on the percentage profit at the end of the fiscal year, besides regulating losses accrued due to un-propagated expense. As such a very efficient structure to use the company capital is more or so the regulatory aspect of the company loss risk.Capital Investment StrategiesMost businesses tend to favor financing only the functional area of the company and subsequently using the capital to improve the asset capacity. The investment stratagem offers comprehensive accreditation of valuable investments rather than business incentives. This means that the company uses investing the capital as the economic driver and a risk reduction measure instead of spending. Buying company stake, bonds and other investments is one essential strategy. But that is not seen as an aggressive investment strategy to some companies. As such, adoption of other strategies that facilitate buy outs increase po tential profit gain and ups investment level. New products within the airlines scope can become very lucrative investments. This is achievable through market research and survey to understand customer needs and the market situation analysis that would put in place provisional techniques and project needs that can be converted in to profits or long term investments. The company can strategize on capitalizing on advanced transport and luxury jets. These will make its competitiveness in the market to be higher and become insulation against losses and market share loss as well. Capital can also be invested on customer service. Service provision will mean spending more on new staff, equipment and hospitality related projections.Dividend PolicyThe golden rule often ignored is that ‘its not only selling is business, but giving back is business too’ Good dividend rates offer incentives to possible investor. The ideology of making a formidable gain from the company through a sto ck is a valuable incentive as per the investor. But this depends on the amount and regularity of the dividend.The policy at the company on the dividend should remain based on the rule. There is more public trust on companies that respect the community and give back to the community than aggressive corporations which barely concentrate on such issues but are abrasive and only after profits and expansion.There have been a lot of investor interests on companies whose public image is more of a household issue than the cut-throat fiscal objetived corporations. Investors view this type of a company as already insured by the confidence reposed on it by the community rather than the profit making entity that is depicted by the latter. Insurance will express the vital element of securities held by investors in the company in terms of shares, with pockets of big investors and thousands of home based, mommy and daddy investors the insurance is in place since the majority of these are the same customers at the air line.Risk Mitigation StrategiesCustomer response to the company strategy and service provision is the onset of risk evaluation. Obviously no one can play down the possibility of a hard fiscal storm in case of an impeding one becoming real. The implications tend to derail, destroy capital structure and collapse the company. To demystify this, it is the responsibility of the company to assess the market through forecasting, market survey, and research on insulation against bad financial weather. However this is less expounded as required for comprehensive expression of risk mitigation. It entails the departmental analysis of its functions and the possible loopholes that cause distress.Demographic factors, market conditions, shift of industry policy, regulation, product diversity and the political weather stands in the way of a consistent economic health of the company. Measures to insulate the company against all these impeding storms is through investing, adaptin g the systems in the company to the insulators condition, standards and requirement specifications. Also there should more out put in terms of projection of company policy, structure and corporate value to the public so as to induce the shift of value and service policy towards the company. With such a broad based insight on reducing risk, there should be a profound expose within the company that draws out these risks and the consistent strategy to out, curb or cope with them, either of the measures will be able to poise the company against problems deemed impeding.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Costco and Sams Club Essays
Costco and Sams Club Essays Costco and Sams Club Paper Costco and Sams Club Paper Costco and Sams Club are stores that sell innumerable products, so having effective websites is imperative. Comparing the two websites using these three 1-5 point scales shows that Costcos website is better. The first area of evaluation is the organization and ease of navigation. Each website earns points depending on how intuitive their website layout is, how easy it is to find items, how they categorize items, and how quick navigation is. Next is clarity of item descriptions. They earn more points on the amount of information given and lose points for making the information difficult to read. Finally, the websites earn points for effective product and store promotion. They earn higher scores for more convincing and well-made advertisements, and lower scores for poor advertisements. The first criterion looks at the homepage to see how readable it is. Sams Clubs website has a small bar at the top for account information, order status, wish lists, and insider email; however, the font is small and light grey, and the background is white. Costcos also has the same buttons, but also includes an additional store locations button and an order by item number button. The medium sized font is dark grey rather than light grey and the background is white, so it is very readable. Both websites have bars for item categories near the top of their homepages, but Costcos is in large black font, compared to Sams Clubs small baby blue font. Costco and Sams Club have a hierarchy that allows looking at product categories, but Costcos is more useful. For the same HP Inkjet 8500a found by using Costcos search bar in the top left of their homepage and Sams Clubs in the middle of their home page, Costcos hierarchy is computers printers all-in-ones Color inkjet all-in-one. Sams Clubs is Sams Club Electronics Instant Savings Computers Accessories. Costco scored a 3. 5 and Sams Club a 2. Criterion number two is clarity and completeness of information. The aforementioned search bar can find the Canon Rebel T2i package on both websites by searching for it. Full details are available on the manufacturers website, so it is a good candidate to compare completeness of information. Sams Club has a detailed specification chart for the Cannon Rebel T2i, mentioning that the T2i has a viewfinder coverage of 95%, and that the package comes specifically with an AVC-DC400ST AV cable rather than an AV cable as per Costcos website. The charts also have specific model numbers for the charger (LC-E8E), battery pack (LP-E8), and strap (EW-100DBIII). The product page at Costco has a product description that contains a narrative on the potential uses of the cameras abilities such as shooting in dim environments by using ISO 6400 or using the cameras 9-point AF system for precision focus. Costco has a list of features and basic technical specifications for the camera above and an accessories list below the main description. The information Costco provides is succinct and may be better suited for average consumers, but Sams Club clearly has more detail, however, those may be superfluous to many customers. Costco scores a 3 and Sams Club a 4 for this area. The last category is advertisements. Costco and Sams Club both have good advertisements at the top of their respective homepages that cycle through several different advertisements, all of which are appropriate. Costco has an advertisement for a Costco membership, which is important because they must get customers to buy a membership first so they can buy products. Scrolling down, they both have nearly identical advertisements for specific products. Those advertisements have a small thumbnail picture, a name, and price. Sams Club has a small advertisement bar at the top on product pages and a sidebar with popular items that are similar. Costco also has a sidebar with similar popular items, but also bundles related products together on the same page, such as software and tech support with a computer. Costco beats Sams Club with a 4 compared to a 3. 5 in this category because putting complimentary items together is a strong strategy. After comparing, Costco is more organized because the categories that they sorted their products with are smarter and more helpful than what Sams Clubs website uses. Sams Clubs website uses a font that is too small, and often times their font color is nearly the same as their background color. Sams Club has more detailed product descriptions, but a lot of them are not actually useful to the general consumer. On the other hand, consumers can easily skip over that information. Costco does not provide as much information as Sams Club, but the information they do provide is relevant. Both websites have very similar marketing schemes, but Costco advertises associated products in their product descriptions, which is a good advertising technique. Costco is the winner with a total rating of 10. 5/15, and Sams Club only a 9. 5/15.
Friday, November 22, 2019
Listicle - Definition and Examples of Listicles
Listicle s of Listicles Listicle is an informal term for an article made up of a series of facts, tips, quotations, or examples organized around a particular theme. Listicles, which may be numbered or bulleted, are particularly common in blogs and other online articles. Listicle is a blend (or portmanteau) of the words list and article. Examples and Observations on Listicles Something had happened to my brain during my long tenure at womens magazines. I wasnt sure if it was because my mind moved a million clicks faster than my mouth could keep up, or if I had edited one ​listicle, charticle, gridicle and relationship quiz too many. But I had developed a bizarre inability to speak before higher-ups without stuttering, which the creative director eulogized in a drawing of me with a stream of Er, ah, duh, durs coming out of my mouth.(Jessie Knadler, Rurally Screwed: My Life Off the Grid With the Cowboy I Love. Berkley Books, 2012)[H]is digressive narrativewhich sometimes makes use of self-amused listiclesseems suspiciously influenced by styles that are popular on the digital platforms he inveighs against.(Review in The New Yorker [January 21, 2013] of The Missing Link by Philip Hensher)When Beyoncà ©s publicist emailed Buzzfeed earlier this week to ask that they kindly remove some unflattering photos of her client that were included in a listicle of The 33 Fiercest Moments From Beyoncà ©s Halftime Show, little did she know that the Internet doesnt quite work that way.In fact, thats the exact opposite of the way in which the Internet works.Now, thanks to an unforgiving Internet phenomenon known as the Streisand Effect, those photos are not only everywheretheyve become a full-fledged meme.(Neetzan Zimmerman, Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Publicist Asks Internet to Remove Unflattering Beyoncà © Photos; Internet Turns Unflattering Beyoncà © Photos Into a Meme. Gawker, February 7, 2013) Writing for Readers With Short Attention Spans Editors at many newspapers and magazines welcome list articles because these features can be expanded or reduced as space allows. More important, list articles make great cover lines that motivate readers to buy magazines. When we put lists on the cover, our newsstand sales go up, said Mens Health editor David Zinczenko in a televised interview about the power of lists. In his blog, Zinczenko offers lists that inform readers on timely topics: the six worst foods to eat at the movies, the eight ultimate flat-belly summer foods and the six things your dad wants for fathers day. Lists are perfect for guys with short attention spans, jokes Zinczenko....List articles usually follow a two-part formula. First, you need an introductory paragraph that sets up the article by explaining the purpose of the list. Since these articles are straightforward, the introduction should be brief and to the point. Second the list is presented in either a bulleted or a numbered format. . . .Although list ar ticles seem simple to write, most of them require research.(David E. Sumner and Holly G. Miller, Feature and Magazine Writing: Action, Angle and Anecdotes, 2nd ed. Blackwell, 2009) The Appeal of the Listicle The listor, more specifically, the listicleextends a promise of the definitive while necessarily revealing that no such promise could ever be fulfilled. It arises out of a desire to impose order on a life, a culture, a society, a difficult matter, a vast and teeming panorama of cat adorability and nineties nostalgia. . . .The rise of the listicle obviously connects with the Internet’s much-discussed effect on our ability (or desire) to sit still and concentrate on one thing for longer than ninety seconds. Contemporary media culture prioritizes the smart take, the sound bite, the takeawayand the list is the takeaway in its most convenient form. But even when the list, or the listicle, has nothing really to do with useful information, it still exerts an occult force on our attention- or on my attention, at any rate. (34 Things That Will Make ’90s Girls Feel Old. 19 Facts Only a Greek in the U.K. Can Understand. 21 Kinds of Offal, Ranked By How Gross They Look.) Like many of you, I am more inclined to click on links to articles that don’t reflect my interests if they happen to be in the form of countdowns. And I suspect my sheep-like behavior has something to do with the passive construction of that last sentence. The list is an oddly submissive reading experience. You are, initially, sucked in by the promise of a neatly quantified serving of information or diversion. . . . Once you’ve begun reading, a strange magnetism of the pointless asserts itself.(Marc OConnell, 10 Paragraphs About Lists You Need in Your Life Right Now. The New Yorker, August 29, 2013) Despite the growing derision of listicles . . ., numbered listsa venerable media formathave become one of the most ubiquitous ways to package content on the Web. Why do we find them so appealing?The article-as-numbered-list has several features that make it inherently captivating: the headline catches our eye in a stream of content; it positions its subject within a preà «xisting category and classification system, like talented animals; it spatially organizes the information; and it promises a story that’s finite, whose length has been quantified upfront. Together, these create an easy reading experience, in which the mental heavy lifting of conceptualization, categorization, and analysis is completed well in advance of actual consumptiona bit like sipping green juice instead of munching on a bundle of kale. And there’s little that our brains crave more than effortlessly acquired data. . . .But the list’s deepest appeal, and the source of its staying power, goe s beyond the fact that it feels good. . . . Within the context of a Web page or Facebook stream, with their many choices, a list is the easy pick, in part because it promises a definite ending: we think we know what we’re in for, and the certainty is both alluring and reassuring. The more we know about somethingincluding precisely how much time it will consumethe greater the chance we will commit to it.(Maria Konnikova, A List of Reasons Why Our Brains Love Lists. The New Yorker, December 2, 2013)
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Hunting and Fishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Hunting and Fishing - Essay Example Although fundamental for man’s survival, Culture is equally fragile as it keeps changing hence across generations, certain cultural aspects have been lost in all societies. Perhaps there are no other groups of people that have rich and much told culture like the Native Indian-Americans. They possess a great history of struggle and success and many of today’s life practices of the Americans like; teepee, peace pipe and moccasins, are borrowed from the Indian-Americans2. As noted above, Food is a fundamental aspect of every culture, hence a comprehensive study into the Indian American food related practices gives sufficient information of their cultural background. The research paper will therefore focus on one aspect of culture, hunting and fishing as a source of food and the role the two practices played within the indigenous culture of the Indian-Americans. ... Boys had to learn the hunting and fishing skills early in life. A story is told of a boy 8 years of age who in his first hunt he killed a goose, took it to his father who showed it to the whole community and at 10 years of age he killed his first Buffalo and the whole community rejoiced with the family, to Indians, successes in hunting were happiness to the whole family and community at large4. The hunting tribes’ important wild animal for hunt was the Buffalo which they hunted in twice yearly; during winter and summer. During the hunting periods, particular communities the whole village could go for hunting for fear of attack from hostile tribes, carrying all they needed for the journey in ponies putting women in charge while the rest of the luggage was buried and dug up upon return. They made camps at night and in the morning again break the camp and continue with the journey. They moved in single way and young boys kept watching for the Buffalo herds which they approached w ith great care done under the leader when spotted at a distance.5 The disparities and unity brought by hunting and fishing There were a number of ways that Native Americans obtained food key among them of which included, farming and domesticating animals, hunting, fishing in lakes and rivers and gathering wild fruits6. Majority of Native American tribes took part in fishing and hunting, the Eskimos who live far North depended on fish and hunted animals to survive, the Blackfoot & Sioux were the big game hunters who were on frequent migration to follow bison and the Chippewa who also took part in hunting to obtain food. Tlingit and Salish obtained their food from fishing in rivers and lakes.7In these earlier times there were no conventional equipments or tools,
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